A 68-year-old man with a history of joint replacement presents with fever and signs of prosthetic joint infection. Blood cultures grow coagulase-negative, gram-positive cocci that are highly adherent to foreign bodies. In a separate recent case, a critically ill patient in the ICU develops ventilator-associated pneumonia with Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is notably resistant to aminoglycoside therapy. Which pair of resistance mechanisms is most accurately associated with these infections? Relevant clinical data: • Prosthetic joint infection: linked to biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis • ICU pneumonia: Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibiting resistance to aminoglycosides due to enzyme-mediated drug modification